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AIM: To measure the changes of ocular biological parameters before and after phacoemulsification, and compared the choice of intraocular lens(IOL)power calculation formulas based on the new optical biometric instrument IOL Master 700.METHODS: A prospective study. Clinical data were collected from 52 patients(57 eyes)with cataract at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January to June 2021. The axial length(AL), anterior chamber depth(ACD)and corneal curvature(Km)were measured and analyzed before and 3mo after phacoemulsification by IOL Master 700. The target refractive value reserved in the calculation of different IOL formulas and the actual refractive value of the automatic refractor 3mo after phacoemulsification were compared and statistically analyzed.RESULTS: The average values of AL measured before and after phacoemulsification were 24.20±1.86, 24.09±1.86mm, the postoperative AL shortened by 0.11mm, and the ACD values were 3.08±0.44, 4.55±0.36mm(P<0.001), ACD deepened by 1.49mm after phacoemulsification. The Km values were 44.14±1.86, 44.14±1.82D(P>0.05). The refractive error of the results measured by the Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula was the smallest before operation, followed by Holladay Ⅱ and the SRK/T formula, the Holladay Ⅰ formula had the largest error and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The AL was shortened and the ACD was deepened after phacoemulsification. A correction factor of 0.1mm is suggested to add when calculating the degree. The Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula has the best predictability in the IOL power calculation formulas, follow by Holladay Ⅱ and SRK/T formula.
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Objective@#To investigate average score and correlation of IES-2 and Self rated Health Measurement Scales V 1.0 (SRHMS V 1.0 ) among Chinese college students, so as to provide a scientific reference for health promotion of college students.@*Methods@#A random cluster sampling method was applied to conduct an online questionnaire survey from July to December 2019 among 542 college students from 8 universities. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the association of intuitive diet level on self reported health status after adjusting for confounding factors.@*Results@#The average scores of SRHMS V1.0 was (69.84± 10.28 ), and the mean scores of physical self rated health (PSH), mental selfrated health (MSH) and social self rated health (SSH) sub scale were(78.50±10.39)(61.86±14.53)(67.54±14.71), respectively. After adjusting for confounders, the β coefficient of IES-2 and SRHMS V1.0, PSH, MSH and SSH were 6.46, 5.00,10.15 and 3.90 ( P <0.05). Higher level of EPR had positive effects on SRHMS V1.0, PSH and MSH ( β =2.47,2.30,4.71, P <0.05). Higher level of RHSC had positive effects on SRHMS V1.0 , PSH, MSH and SSH( β =2.44, 1.69, 2.71，3.16, P <0.05).Higher level of B-FCC had positive effects on SRHMS V1.0, PSH, MSH and SSH( β =3.71,2.53,4.68，4.17, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The intuitive eating has a positive effect on overall health, especially on mental health. College students should avoid emotional eating, and eat in response to hunger and satiety signals as well as eat healthy food to meet physical needs when facing physical, mental and social problems.
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AIM:To evaluate the accuracy of A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography measurement in clinical application by analyzing the ocular-related biometric parameters and refractive error and comparing with those of IOL Master 700 in cataract patients. METHODS: A prospective study. Clinical data were collected from 113 patients(122 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from July 2020 to July 2021. The axial length(AL), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT)and corneal curvature(Km)were measured respectively by IOL Master 700 and A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography measurement and the 3mo after the surgery of the refractive error was analyzed.RESULTS: There were differences in AL(24.09±1.65, 23.81±1.62mm), ACD(3.11±0.42, 2.97±0.43mm)and Km(44.12±1.59, 44.06±1.54D)measured by IOL Master 700 and A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography(P<0.05), while there was no difference in LT(4.34±0.46, 4.30±0.59mm)(P>0.05). The postoperative mean absolute refractive error(MAE)of intraocular lens(IOL)diopter calculation formulas with different measurement methods was significantly different(P<0.001). The Barrett Universal II formula MAE of the IOL Master 700 measuring instrument was different from the Holladay I, Haigis and SRK/T formulas(P<0.01), at the same time, compared with the A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography calculation formula SRK/T and Barrett Universal II formula, they were also different(P<0.01). However, there was no difference among the Holladay Ⅰ, Haigis, SRK/T formula MAE which come from the IOL Master 700 measuring instrument and the A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography calculation formula SRK/T formula(P>0.05). In addition, the Barrett Universal II formula of the IOL Master 700 measuring instrument has the smallest median absolute refractive error(MedAE)(0.260D), and the A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography calculation formula Barrett Universal II formula MedAE is the largest(0.765D).CONCLUSION: The values of AL, ACD and Km measured by A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography were smaller than those of IOL Master 700. When the SRK/T formula was used to calculate the IOL diopter, the results of the two group were similar. However, when using the Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula, the refractive error of the A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography group was large, resulting in hyperopia drift.
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The pathological anatomical results of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients showed that excessive inflammatory reaction in the lungs is one of the important causes for such complications as acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, regulation of immune response may be an effective measure for COVID-19. Alveolar macrophages have a high heterogeneity and plasticity. The dynamic changes of subsets balance and function of M1/M2 alveolar macrophages have a significant effect on pulmonary inflammatory response during the early and late stages of infection. This paper reviews the classification and function of macrophages and explores the mechanism of alveolar macrophage in the pathological process of COVID-19 at different stages and the pharmacodynamic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine. Besides, it provides ideas for the treatment of COVID-19 with traditional Chinese medicine and other drugs' research and development based on the regulation of macrophage polarization.
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Objective To optimize multiplicity of infection ( MOI) and antibiotics ( blasticidin) concentration selecting BSD gene in construction of monoclonal stable cell line by lentivirus vector-mediated RNA interence silenced gene SGMS2.Methods The INS-1 cells were transfected by fluorescence labeled negative control SGMS2-siRNA lentivirus at MOI of 0, 10, 30, 60 and 120 TU number/cell.The cells were photographed under fluorescent microscopy after 72 h cultivation, then fluorescence ratio and apoptosis rate were calculated to determine optimal MOI.The INS-1 cells were treated by blasticidin with different concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3 μg/mL, and the apoptosis rate was observed to acquire optimal concentration of antibiotics.The INS-1 cells were transfected by negative control SGMS2-siRNA lentivirus and SGMS2-siRNA lentivirus (virus titer:1 ×108TU/mL) at optimal MOI and positive-transfected cells were selected by blasticidin at optimal concentration, then mixed cell lines were acquired.The monoclonal cell line was constructed at fluorescence ratio of 90%.Results The optimal MOI was 60 with 100% fluorescence ratio, less than 0.5% apoptosis rate and keep original cellular morphology.The optimal concentration of blasticidin was 2 μg/mL with cell adherence disappear and all cells apoptosis.The Ct value of INS-1-SEMS2 cells detected at the second time was 28.21, which was greater than 27.58 at the first time.The interfering efficiency of siRNA was 77.78% which indicated a successful expression of siRNA and construction of monoclonal stable cell line ( INS-1-SEMS2 ).Conclusion The monoclonal stable cell line was successfully constructed by lentivirus vector-mediated RNA interence silenced gene SGMS2.
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Objective To study the change and clinical value of SP‐D ,CCL18 and CC16 in serum and in exhaled breath con‐densate in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease .Methods Sixty two cases of COPD patients admitted in our hospital from 2010 January to 2013 December were selected as the research object .All the 62 patients were divided into group A(32 patients with COPD in acute exacerbation) and group B(30 patients with COPD in remission stage) in accordance with the severity of COPD .Thirty six cases of health people were selected as the control group .Statistical subjects SP‐D ,CCL18 ,CC16 content in se‐rum and in exhaled breath condensate ,and the relations between the various indexes and age ,smoking ,pulmonary function and BMI were analyzed .Results The exhaled breath condensate SP‐D ,CCL18 content in group A was significantly higher than that of B group and the control group (P<0 .05) ,and the SP‐D ,CCL18 in group B was higher than that in control group (P<0 .05) .The se‐rum SP‐D ,CCL18 ,CC16 content in group A was significantly higher than that of B group and the control group (P<0 .05) ,and the SP‐D ,CCL18 ,CC16 in group B was higher than that in control group (P< 0 .05) .Serum SP‐D ,CCL18 levels were significantly higher than those in the exhaled breath condensate (P< 0 .01) .Exhaled breath condensate SP‐D was positively associated with smoking age (r=0 .298 ,P<0 .05) ,and FEV1% pred ,FEV1/FVC (% ) showed a negative correlation (r= -0 .318 ,-0 .402 ,P<0 .05);the serum levels of SP‐D was positively associated with tobacco (r=0 .297 ,P<0 .05) ,and FEV1% pred ,FEV1/FVC (% ) were negative correlated (r= -0 .278 ,-0 .298 ,P<0 .05);serum CC16 and FEV1% pred ,FEV1/FVC (% ) were negatively corre‐lated (r= -0 .358 ,-0 .382 ,P<0 .05);Exhale breath condensate SP‐D ,condensate CCL18 ,SP‐D ,CCL18 serum ,serum CC16 were are positively correlated in each two (P<0 .05);and there was no significant correlation between other indexes and age ,smoking , pulmonary function and BMI etc .Conclusion Exhaled breath condensate ,serum SP‐D ,serum CCL18 ,exhaled breath condensate , exhaled breath condensate ,serum CC16 are closely related to acute exacerbation of COPD ,and monitoring the indicators can be judgment of the degree and prognosis of COPD .
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Background Though nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase (NOS) have a critical role in angiogenesis,their effects on corneal neovascularization (CNV) and mechanism need to be further explored.Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effects of NOS and its antagonist,Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on experimental CNV in mice,and investigate the influence of NOS and L-NAME on the tube formation of human retinal endothelial cells (RECs) in vitro.Methods The CNV models were established in the left eyes of 36 male BALB/c mice aged 7-8 weeks by application of the filter paper with NaOH in the center of corneas.The mice were randomized into two groups.L-NAME of 10 g/L (0.5 ml) was intraperitoneally injected 1 week before induction of CNV three times a week for three weeks in the mice of the L-NAME injection,and PBS was used in the same way in the control group.CNV was examined under the slit lamp biomicroscope 2,4,7,14 days after NaOH burn.The expression of CD31 in the CNV was assayed to calculate the ratio of CNV area and total corneal area using whole mount technique.The expression of NOS mRNA in the corneal tissue was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and VEGF expression in the human RECs was assayed by Western blot.The vessel formation number of cultured human RECs with or without L-NAME was performed by matrigel in vitro.Grouped t test was used to compare the differences of the parameters between the two groups.Results CNV developed and peaked 2 weeks after the application of NaOH on the mice corneas,and the CNV was obviously less in the L-NAME group compared with the control group.The expression of NOS mRNA in the corneas (NOS mRNA/ GAPDH mRNA)was significantly lower in the L-NAME group than that of the control group 2,4,7 days after CNV induction (t =19.481,t=22.059,t=10.961,all at P＜0.01).The ratio of the CD31 positive area in whole corneal area was 0.59± 0.01 in the L-NAME group,and that of the control group was 0.78±0.10,showing a significant difference between the two groups (t =3.078,P＜0.05).Western blot assay showed that the relative expression of VEGF protein in human RECs was declined in the L-NAME group compared with the control group 0,2,4,7 days,with statistically significant differences in 4 days and 7 days after NaOH burn(t=7.696,t=17.953,both at P＜0.01).The number of vessel network was 46.33±1.86 in the L-NAME group and 64.00±4.51 in the control group,with a significant difference between them (t =3.623,P＜0.05).Conclusions NOS participated in the pathogenesis and aggravation of CNV induced by NaOH.L-NAME arrests CNV formation and human RECs tube formation through down regulating the VEGF expression and NOS activity.
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Background The proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells is a primary link during angiogenesis.Studies showed that heat shock protein B6 (HspB6) promotes the secretion of multiple angiogenesis-related factors and therefore leads to neovascularization.Understanding the effects of neutralizing HspB6 antibody on the biological behavior of human choroidal vascular endothelial cells has an important significance in the target treatment of choroidal neovacularization diseases.Objective This study was to address the role and mechanism of neutralizing HspB6 antibody in tube formation of human choroidal vascular endothelial cells.Methods Human choroidal vascular endothelial cell line was normally cultured and harvested for total RNA extraction.Expressions of HspB6 mRNA and protein in human choroidal vascular endothelial cells were detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry (FCM).The cells were seeded on 96-well plate covered with matrigel at the density of 2×104/hole.Then the neutralizing HspB6 antibody at the concentration of 100 μg/Land 500 μg/L was added into the medium respectively,and the control cells were set without the addition of HspB6 antibody.The number of capillary tubes was calculated 12 hours after culture by three-dimensional matrigel assay.In addition,0,50,100,500 μg/L of neutralizing HspB6 antibody were added into the cell medium separately for 24hours,cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method was employed to assay the inhibitory rate(IR) of the cells.Transwell test was used to count the cell number across chamber membrane for the evaluation of migration ability of the cells.The apoptosis of the cells was assayed by FCM.Results Both HspB6 mRNA and protein were expressed on human choroidal vascular endothelial cells.The number of capillary tube formation of human choroidal vascular endothelial cells was (67.25±5.75),(60.39±6.41) and (39.76±10.73) /field in the 0,100 and 500 μg/L neutralizing HspB6 antibody groups,with significant difference among them (F =10.210,P =0.012),and the tube number was significantly less in the 500 μg/L neutralizing HspB6 antibody group compared with 0 μg/L neutralizing HspB6 group (P =0.005).The IR of neutralizing HspB6 antibody to the cellular proliferation and migration was enhanced with the increases of concentration and time lapse(Fconcentration =7.485,P =0.002 ; Ftime =16.684,P =0.001).The number of the cells through Transwell chamber membrane was 14.0 ± 2.5,11.1 ± 0.8,6.6 ± 0.1,6.7 ± 0.2 in the 0,50,100,500 μg/L neutralizing HspB6 antibody group respectively,and that in the 100 μg/L and 500 μg/L neutralizing HspB6 antibody group was lessened in comparison with the 0 μg/L neutralizing HspB6 antibody group(both at P=0.000).The apoptosis rate of the cells was (22.73 ± 2.53)％ in the neutralizing HspB6 antibody group,which was significantly lower than (13.33±2.08) ％ of the control group (t=4.967,P=0.008).Conclusions Neutralizing HspB6 antibody inhibits capillary tube formation of human choroidal endothelial cells in vitro in dose-and timedependent manner,probably through suppressing the proliferation and migration and promoting the apoptosis of choroidal endothelial cells.
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Background Stromal-derived factor 1α /chemokine receptor 4(SDF-1α/CXCR4) axis is one of the important signals which mediates several different activities such as chemotaxis,adhesion,proliferation and survival resulting in recruitment to sites of immune and inflammatory reactions.Considerable evidence suggests that CXCR4/SDF-1α axis is involved in tumor angiogenesis and plays a key role in the development of ocular neovascularization.Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of CXCR4 antagonist on the development of cxperimental corneal neovascularization(CNV).Methods CNV model was established in the left eye of 8-weekold clean BALB/c mouse by putting the filter with 1 mol/L NaOH at the central cornea for 40 seconds.The animals were randomizcd into hyaluronate group and CXCR4 antagonist group,and the edydrops was topically administered respectively on the day of modeling 4 times per day for 14 days.CNV was examined under the slit lamp at the fourteenth day,and then the corneal suspension and section were made.Expressions of CXCR4 mRNA and protein in corneas were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot.The CD31 level in cornea was assayed by flowcytometry and immunochemistry.The expression of VEGF in burned corneas and suspension from mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with CXCR4 antagonist in vitro was detected by ELISA.The use of the animal followed Ragulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results Two weeks after corneal alkali burn,the growth of CNV peaked under the slit lamp.Compared with hyaluronate group,CNV was obviously decreased in the CXCR4 antagonist group.Immunochemistry showed that intensity of positive staining for CD31 in cornea in the CXCR4 antagonist group was weaker than the hyaluronate group.Flowcytometry clarified that CD31 positive cells rate was 9.50％ ±2.34％ in the CXCR4 antagonist group and 17.50％ ±3.16％ in the hyaluronate group,showing a significant difference between them (t=-7.312,P＜0.05).In 2,4,7 days after cornea alkali burn,the expressions of CXCR4 mRNA and protein were significantly enhanced in burn corneas compared with normal corneas(P＜0.01 ;P＜0.05).ELISA showed that the VEGF expression level in corneal tissue and supernatant of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro were significantly lower in the CXCR4 antagonist group than that of hyaluronate group(t =10.927,5.151,P＜0.05).The expression level of VEGF in corneal suspension was lower in the GM-CSH+CXCR4 antogonist group than that in the GM-CSH group (P＜0.05).Conclusions CXCR4 antagonist can reduce experimental CNV by down-regulating VEGF expression in cornea.
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BackgroundIt has been proved that as a chemokine,interferon-inducible protein-10(IP-10)can regulate the immuno-inflammatory reaction.Some new researches showed that IP-10 also played role in regulating the neovascular vessel formation.Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is associated with multiple cellular factors,but its mechanism is below clear.Objective The present study was to address the roles of exogenous mouse IP-10 in alkali burn-induced CNV.Methods Eighty-two SPF BALB/c mice were used in this experiment and grouped according to random number table.The corneal alkali burn models were established by putting the filter paper with 1 mol/L NaOH at the central corneas of the left eyes for 40 seconds.10 mg/L IP-10 was topically administered from the first day or 14 days after modeling in the early intervene group( 10 eyes)or middle-late intervene group(5 eyes).CNV area was measured as a percentage of whole cornea.0.2％ sodium hyaluronate(HA) as vehicle was utilized in the model control group.Angiogenic factor expression in corneal tissue in the early intervene group was quantified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)and compared with model control group.All animal experiments were performed in accordance with the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research and complied with the standards of Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of Soochow University. ResultsThe CNV percentage was(88.67±10.22) ％ in the model control mice,showing a significant increase in comparison with that of IP-10 early intervene group (70.06±12.21)％ (t=3.77,P=0.00).In 21 days after corneal alkali burn,the CNV percentage was(87.33±13.47)％ in the model control mice,and that of the IP-10 middle-late intervene group was ( 86.56± 12.47 ) ％ without significant difference between them ( t =1.26,P＞0.05 ).Two days or four days after IP-10 early intervene,the expressions of chemokine receptor type 3 ( CXCR3 ) in corneal tissue were significant higher than model control group( t =3.13,3.07,P＜0.05 ),but the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cornea were lowed ( t =5.99,6.27,P＜0.01),and so were transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (t =8.50,P＜0.01;t =4.53,P＜0.05).Conclusions The early topical administration of the exogenous mouse IP-10 can inhibit CNV by up-regulating CXCR3 expression and down-regulating VEGF and TGF-β1 expression in cornea.However,middle-later usage of the IP-10 is uneffective.
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Metabolomics is a new study, which use chromatography, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), capillary electrophoresis (CE) techniques on the cells, organs and other body fluids and metabolites in samples were isolated, purified and testing, re-use bioinformatics tools on the obtained data are analyzed to obtain one or a set of biomarker information. Based on analysis of the literatures in recent years, metabolomics was summarized from history, concept, advantage, methods, application, difficulties and challenges, journals and books, websites, and its application in forensic medicine was forecasted. As a new branch of global system biology, metabonomics developed rapidly, and its perspective on forensic medicine was feasible and very optimistic.
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Humans , Biomedical Research/methods , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Electronic Data Processing/methods , Forensic Medicine/methods , Forensic Toxicology/methods , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mass Spectrometry/methods , Metabolomics/trends , Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods , Specimen Handling/methodsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To establish the models of postmortem redistribution(PMR) in dogs with epidural anesthesia and to investigate the effect of temperature on the PMR of Bupivacaine.@*METHODS@#Eighteen male dogs were executed by epidural anesthesia with a dose of 5 mg/kg bupivacaine hydrochloride and randomly divided into three groups, room temperature (20-23 degrees C) group, 4 degrees C group and -20 degrees C group. The cardiac blood, peripheral blood, liver and cerebrum were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120h postmortem. The contents of bupivacaine in those samples were analyzed by GC-NPD and GC-MS, the difference among three groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#The bupivacaine PMR of room temperature group was evident and complex in cardiac blood, peripheral blood and cerebrum. The PMR of 4 degrees C group was weaker and slower than that of normal temperature group. The bupivacaine PMR of the -20 degrees C group was the weakest in three groups.@*CONCLUSION@#PMR of bupivacaine will happen in epidural anesthesia death dogs, but it could be delayed or prevent by low temperature storage.
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Animals , Dogs , Male , Analgesia, Epidural , Anesthetics, Local/pharmacokinetics , Brain/metabolism , Bupivacaine/pharmacokinetics , Forensic Toxicology , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods , Liver/metabolism , Models, Animal , Postmortem Changes , Temperature , Time Factors , Tissue DistributionABSTRACT
Based on the records of carboxyhemoglobin in blood samples stored for recent years, the stability of carboxyhemoglobin in these samples could be affected by the containers, the storage temperatures, the volumes of air above the blood, the saturation of the initial carboxyhemoglobin and preservatives added in these blood samples, among which the storage temperatures, the volumes of air above the blood and the saturation of the initial carboxyhemoglobin are the major influence factors.